Impact of Uniform Colors in Sports
The colour of the uniform of a sports team can lead to significant consequences. A paper written by Thomas Gilovich and Mark Frank has addressed how the colour of a sports team’s uniform can impact the team’s behaviour. The research was based on the idea that in various cultures, dark colours are usually linked with negativity unlike light colours. When coming to sports uniforms, Gilovich and Frank tried to find whether sports teams having uniforms in black are usually more aggressive compared to teams having non-black uniforms.
To evaluate, researchers employed several research paradigms. They showed images of uniforms of the NHL (National Hockey League) and NFL (National Football League) teams to the study participants. People who weren’t sports fans were chosen as study participants to avoid biases caused by knowledge of the teams. The participants rated every uniform on the dimensions of timid or aggressive, good or bad, and nice or mean (as a malevolence index). It was found that the sports teams having black uniforms (for example, the Flyers and Bruins in NHL, and the Raiders and Steelers in NFL) were perceived to be more malevolent compared to teams having non-black uniforms.
These data suggest people perceive aggressiveness to be a function of the colour of the uniform. However, do uniform colours cause any actual differences in the team’s behaviour? Do black garments make people more aggressive?
Effect of Uniform Colour on Behaviour
Researchers examined the impact of uniform colour on behaviour with the use of archival statistics from NHL and NFL. With the data over the time of 1970 to mid-1980s, researchers carried out a comparison of penalty records (using penalty minutes for NHL and penalty yards for NFL) for sports teams having black uniforms versus the teams with non-black uniforms. The results for both the sports showed that teams having black uniforms faced higher penalization compared to teams having non-black uniforms.
The data was supplemented by experimental studies performed to determine whether black uniforms result in harsher penalties due to biased perception of players (by spectators or referees) or whether putting on black uniforms actually increases the aggressive behaviour by people.
To test the first question, university participants were asked to act as referees and it was examined whether they would be biased when penalizing teams in black uniforms. Findings showed that the referees had greater likelihood of calling penalty against teams when they wore black uniforms as compared to white.
To test the second question, it was assessed whether people would show more aggressive behaviour when they wear black uniforms. It was found by researchers that it was more likely for people to behave aggressively on wearing black uniforms than white uniforms.
Summing Up
The studies offered evidences that colours impact both how we perceive the behaviour of others as well as how we behave. The results produced substantial interest in how the clothes and the colours we wear can impact behaviour and attitudes.
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